Hi there and welcome to the site!
do as the breeder said, feed them 28% Non Medicated chick and game bird starter their whole life. I like the Blue Seal Chick and Game Bird Starter 28% Non Medicated feed. You do not need a male for a female to lay eggs, they will do that on their own, but I would not eat california quail eggs, they are a bit of a more expensive breed in the quail world. But if you want to eat them go ahead, but to answer the second part of your question you can eat the fertilized eggs, they are still good healthy eggs. Sorry I cant answer your third question. But if you want a quail that is good for eggs go with Coturnix, they are great layers compared to your California's. They will lay a egg a day for their whole lives as long as they have 14 hours of day light. (Which you could provide with Christmas lights). I would recommend building a 5 foot by 4 foot pen and getting 25 laying jumbo brown hens or if you want a few males 20 females and 5 males. Keep the calirfornia's for the kid and buy a incubator and hatch some eggs, sell some cali chicks and their eggs to have a few extra dollars. But for eating I would highly recommend Coturnix Quail, which are also much cheaper! Good luck with the California's and have fun!